Benefits of Ginseng

Benefits of Ginseng

Ginseng?

Ginseng is a popular medicinal herb used all over the world and has been used for thousands of years. 

Benefits of Ginseng 

Its most prominent benefits. Ginseng can be taken in many different forms such as pills, drinks, powder, and capsules. The main active ingredients in Ginseng include ganoderic acids and ergosterol which are often used in combination to help reduce symptoms of arthritis and depression. Ginseng can also be used in conjunction with other herbs for the best results. 

Herbs such as ginkgo Biloba, nettle root, Ginkgo Biloba, and green tea are used in combination with ginseng in order to promote the body's ability to heal itself. Ginseng also aids in the absorption of nutrients from the foods we eat and the natural blood sugar levels in our bodies. This is why Ginseng is often added to diabetic medications.

Ginseng is also said to relieve stress and fatigue and can even have an anti-ageing effect. Ginseng has also been shown to help reduce the effects of ageing on our skin, muscles, and bones. One of the greatest benefits of Ginseng is its ability to help regulate brain activity. 

When your brain is functioning at its peak, you can think much more clearly, be less stressed, and experience better moods. There are also many other benefits of Ginseng that people use to help treat their depression and arthritis. In fact, Ginseng can be used to prevent certain diseases such as arthritis, depression, and arthritis, as well as helping to treat them.

If you are looking for a good alternative to medication, look into the many health benefits of Ginseng. It can improve your quality of life significantly and help you overcome depression, arthritis, and even help you prevent certain diseases such as diabetes. 

When using Ginseng you will need to take a couple of capsules each day. Ginseng supplements should not be consumed by those with high blood pressure or heart problems, as it can cause an increase in heart rate. 

If you suffer from arthritis, you should not take it unless prescribed by your doctor. Ginseng is a natural herb that should not be confused with prescription medications such as anti-depressants. These drugs contain many chemicals that can cause side effects that can actually make the problem worse.

Ginseng is made up of 100% natural ingredients and should never be confused with prescription medications. They should only be used in conjunction with other herbs in order to get the most benefits. Most doctors will prescribe Ginseng if they feel depression, lack energy, or fatigue. 

These can be a sign of a serious disease and should not be ignored. Ginseng can also be taken to improve circulation, boost your immune system, regulate the levels of serotonin, and help your brain to produce more dopamine.

 This is important in many ways in the treatment of depression and arthritis. Many people are amazed when they find out about the many health benefits of Ginseng. It may not be a new treatment, but it has been around for thousands of years. 

Ginseng is used to treat many conditions and is very safe. No side effects have ever been recorded, and most people find it is a very convenient way to improve their mental state. There are many different types of Ginseng available. 

The more expensive types of Ginseng are stronger and have more beneficial effects. Ginseng is available at most health food stores, as well as some pharmacies. You should check with your doctor before you try this herbal remedy.

 As there are some that contain high amounts of caffeine. A diet that includes Ginseng can help you achieve a lot of things from better health to weight loss. There are many herbs that have great benefits for many different types of ailments.

Tags; Ginseng, Benefits of Ginseng,

Guest Post by; https://www.ajmalherbs.com/

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Vitamin C sources vegetables & fruits benefits 

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 Vitamin C

Vitamin C is a necessary vitamin of your body, It is also known as ascorbic acid. It is perhaps the most commonly consumed and well-known vitamin. Vitamin C is absorbed easily by the intestines, and the body doesn't store it, which is why this nutrient deficiency is attributed to insufficient food intake. 

It helps to build and protect skin, muscles, and blood vessels. In some foods, it exists naturally, particularly in fruits and vegetables. 

Along with vitamin E, beta-carotene, and many other plant-based nutrients, Vitamin C is an effective antioxidant. This vitamin can be converted into oxalate in the human body and is excreted in the urine.

Vitamin C deficiency 

Most cases of Vitamin C deficiency seen worldwide are attributed to dietary inadequacy, in the urban poor, the aged, and patients with chronic alcoholism. Also at risk are patients with chronic diseases, such as cancer and chronic kidney disease, and people who smoke cigarettes.

The key cause of many health problems is Vitamin C deficiency. If you really want to be safe and want to keep health issues away, so you need to properly manage the level of Vitamin C in your body.  

Vitamin C deficiency should not occur in your body. You should not ignore the deficiency of this vitamin. The disease known as scurvy is caused by vitamin C deficiency.

Diagnosis of scurvy 

Based on skin lesions in the correct clinic, the diagnosis of advanced scurvy may be made clinically. It is also strongly predictive of atraumatic hemarthrosis. We can confirm the diagnosis. With reduced plasma ascorbic acid levels, usually below 0.1 mg / dL.

Treatment of scurvy, Adult scurvy can be treated with 200 to 1000 mg of ascorbic acid per day on an oral basis. Improvement normally comes within days.

Vitamin C toxicity, Gastric pain, flatulence, or diarrhoea may be caused by very high doses of vitamin C. Oxalate kidney stones are of theoretical concern because oxalate is metabolized by ascorbic acid, but stone formation has not been noted regularly. 

By triggering false-negative tests for occult faecal blood and both false- negative and false- positive tests for urinary glucose, vitamin C can often complicate specific diagnostic tests.

Signs and symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency 

• Rough skin 

• Anaemia or iron deficiency 

•  Dry & splitting hair  

• Slow wound healing  

• Feeling tired  

• Weak immunity  

• Weight gain  

• Inflammation  

• Spoon shaped nail 

• Swollen & bleeding gums 

• Swollen painful joints 

Vitamin C benefits 

For our general wellbeing, skin, teeth, gums, etc., Vitamin C is the most essential vitamin. The recent study shows that vitamin C can also help to regulate the metabolism of the body and control many other common diseases. 

• Brian, In shielding the brain and nervous system from the detrimental effects of stress, vitamin C plays a significant role. For the synthesis of stress hormones such as adrenaline and nor-adrenaline, which play a major role in the process of fighting stress, we need adequate amounts of vitamin C.  

• Cancer, Vitamin C plays a major role to reduce the cancer risk. The study proposed that a high dose of Vitamin C could increase the cancer-killing effect of chemotherapy drugs in cancer patients. Analysis proves that for lung cancer, breast cancer, and certain other cancers, Vitamin C may be a secure and cost-effective therapy.

• Eyes, Vitamin C plays an important role in vision enhancement, With its antioxidant properties, Vitamin C can protect your eyes from the harmful effects of free radicals. Collagen, a protein that gives your eyes shape, is necessary for making. Vitamin C can help reduce the risk of cataracts.

•  Heart, It is helpful in managing blood cholesterol, blood pressure, and uric acid levels, which can help lower risk factors for heart disease. Vitamin C can help maintain blood chemistry levels.

• Absorption, Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron from plant-based foods and helps improve our immune mechanism to function better and shield us from diseases.   

• Asthma, Vitamin C can significantly benefit people with persistent asthma. Vitamin C strengthens the role of the lungs and airways as an antioxidant and antihistamine.

• Skin, Vitamin C is a natural skincare and anti-ageing agent and is also essential for reducing UVB-induced skin damage, including reducing fine lines and creating deep wrinkles. 

Vitamin C increases the smoothness of the skin. Skin conditions such as dermatitis, acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and eczema are considered benefiting from Vitamin C. 

• Hair, Because of its properties, Vitamin C helps to prevent hair from ageing and becoming grey. To keep hair shiny and dark, we require vitamin C. 

• Joint, In the formation of muscles, blood vessels and cartilage, Vitamin C is important. Cartilage operates between the bones as a cushion and protects joints from deterioration. 

• Immunity, As you know, Vitamin C help improve immunity by making white blood cells function more efficiently. White cells in the blood help secure the body from infections.

Vitamin C sources vegetables & fruits

Vitamin C basically comes from supplements of Vitamin C and diets high in Vitamin C. The standard requirement of Vitamin C for adults is 90 mg/day and 75 mg/day for adult females, as per the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs). Most fruits and vegetables contain vitamin C. Vegetables & fruits can be high in vitamin C if consumed fresh. 

Vegetables should not be overheated or overcooked. Vitamin C is changed and made less functional by cutting and overheating foods. Before eating them, don't cut veggies & fruit for too long.

Vitamin C vegetables 

If you consume a reasonable quantity of one of the following vegetables daily, so you can get your daily requirement of Vitamin C.

• Green & red pepper

•  leafy dark green vegetables 

• Tomato especially raw   

• Potato with skin 

•  Cabbage  

• Broccoli  

• Green beans 

• Turnip greens 

• Cucumber 

Vitamin C fruits 

As you know, fruits are the rich and main source of Vitamin C in our diet. Therefore, eating seasonal fruits is very beneficial, you must include fruits in the daily diet. The fruits that contain the most  Vitamin C are as follows;

• Guava  

• Amla 

• Grapefruit 

• Lemon & Orange  

• Avocado 

• Strawberries  

• Kiwifruit  

• Papaya 

• Pineapple 

• Lychee  

• Watermelon & Melon 

• Peach 

• Mango  

If you notice any signs and symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency in your body, consult a doctor immediately so that the doctor can guide you properly.

Tags; Vitamin C, Vitamin C sources, Vitamin C vegetables, Vitamin C fruits, Vitamin C benefits, 

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 7 Best  diet & oil for hair growth 

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Today we will talk about how to make hair thick and strong? First, keep in mind that hair growth and healthy hair is possible only with a healthy body, sometimes diseases like anaemia, anorexia nervosa, depression, diabetes, typhoid, thyroid disorder, cancer autoimmune diseases, skin diseases etc and hormonal changes, the hair can become weak or fall out, or even genetically. 

But to a large extent, you can protect your hair from weakening or falling out by proper diet and good oil massage. Here are the 7 best diets and oil for naturally growing your hair thicker and longer.

7 Best  diets & oil for hair growth 

1: Eggs

One of the most important protein sources for hair growth is eggs. They are very rich in protein and biotin (vitamin H/B7), Two nutrients that can boost the growth of hair. 

It is necessary to consume enough protein for hair growth because hair follicles consist primarily of protein, and biotin is also necessary for the production of a hair protein called keratin. 

In addition, an egg contains healthy fats, omega-3 fatty acids, folate, vitamins A, B5, B12, B2, B6, E, and K, which is also very important for hair growth.

2: Fatty fish 

Almost all kinds of seafood are good for hair growth, especially oily fish salmon, herring etc may help to promote hair growth. 

They are wonderful sources of protein, selenium, vitamin D3, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids associated with the growth of hair. Eating fatty fish reduces hair loss and increases hair density. For this reason, fish oil capsules are also very effective. 

Whether it is herring fish or salmon fish, both are very beneficial not only for the hair but also for the entire body, so they should be eaten at least once a week.

3: Spinach 

Spinach is one of the healthiest and excellent food for your body in many ways. This nice green leafy vegetable contains essential nutrients such as calcium, iron, folate, zinc, vitamin A, C, K, omega-3 and antioxidants, which is very important for our hair growth. 

We all know that if someone is anaemic, their hair will become dull and fall out. Therefore, such people are advised to use spinach in their diet, as the amount of iron is quite high. By eating spinach we can avoid anaemia, which causes hair loss. A proper iron balance helps promote hair growth.

In the same way, if you make a paste of spinach and mix olive oil in it and after applying it for an hour and wash your hair with any good shampoo, so your hair will start growing amazingly fast.

4: Avocados

Everyone is aware of the health benefits of avocados. It is the best fruit that gives energy to the body. Avocados are tasty and nutritious. 

Avocados contain the required amount of healthy fat. Avocado is an excellent source of protein, vitamins A, B6, C, E, folate (folic acid), iron, copper, magnesium and as well as amino acids, which can promote hair growth. 

Avocado also provides a defensive layer that helps to lock the essential oil and nutrients within the cell on the skin surface. This fatty acid layer prevents the skin on the scalp from being degraded, and the hair stays strong and thick. 

5: Nuts

Eating nuts not only keeps hair healthy but also keeps the entire body strong. Nuts like walnut and almond are rich in nutrients like protein, vitamin E, B vitamins, zinc, folate, antioxidants, essential fatty acids, etc and are also a significant source of selenium. It promotes a healthy scalp, fungus and dandruff are also prevented. 

 Selenium is essential for the control of free radical damage, which can promote hair growth. Hair loss has been associated with a lack of these nutrients.

You should eat one ounce (28grams) of nuts a day daily, which will have a significant effect on hair growth. If you eat nuts, Internally it restores weakened skin tissues including the skin on scalp and speeds up the development of new cells.

6: Meat

Just as fruits and vegetables are essential for hair growth, similarly meat should also be eaten because it is rich in protein. We all know that it is difficult to have healthy hair without sufficient proteins. For the growth of new hair and the maintenance of a healthy and strong hair structure, a healthy amount of protein is necessary.

The protein in meat stimulates regeneration and helps to restore and reinforce hair follicles. Hair loss has been related to protein and iron deficiency because hair contains about 90% protein.

 Meat, especially red meat, is also a rich source of iron that can be easily absorbed. This mineral stimulates red blood cells to transport oxygen, from hair follicles to all body cells.

If chicken or beef is eaten once or twice a week, it provides an adequate amount of protein and iron. 

7: Citrus fruit 

Citrus fruits are very important and useful for health. The daily diet should include citrus fruits. They contain vitamin C and folic acid, which is essential not only for the skin but also for strong and thick hair. 

Citrus fruit also helps to absorb other nutrients. Vitamin C helps to improve the blood circulation within your scalp, due to which hair growth is improved. 

A lot of folates is found in almost all citrus fruits. In order to promote hair growth and also in the production of new blood cells, folic acid plays a very important role. 

The citrus fruit's rich folic acid content is an excellent bet for hair growth. Citrus fruits also have a wide range of other nutrients and minerals.

7 oil for hair growth 

1: Avocado oil 

Avocado oil is a very useful hair oil for hair growth. We also use it for cooking purpose. Avocado oil is rich in vitamins A, B, C and E. Vitamin E is a good ingredient so it protects the follicles of the hair and repairs damage caused by extreme chemical treatment. 

Vitamin B supplies the hair follicles with nourishment, and a flaky scalp is avoided. Avocado oil serves as a lubricant that protects the hair from tangling and makes it easier to eliminate snarls and knots as well.

2: Coconut oil 

Coconut oil can be applied to the hair in all seasons, if it used properly it can definitely eliminate dry and damaged hair. 

Whenever you massage with coconut oil, warm it lightly. For best result, massage coconut oil once a week, and wash your hair after 24 hours applying the oil. Coconut oil molecules are quite small, which makes it easily and quickly absorbed into the hair follicles.

3: Almond oil

Almond oil, rich in protein, vitamin E, and antioxidants, it is the best oil. It is very beneficial for our hair growth as well as our skin. 

It is of two types, one is almond sweet and the other is almond bitter oil. Almond sweet oil is used for hair.  The use of almond oil immediately stops hair loss and restores the natural shine of hair.

4: Castor oil

Castor oil is an excellent oil that most people ignore. Castor oil is rich in proteins, minerals, and vitamin E, it is a very thick oil. This oil is used by mixing 2 or 3 drops with another oil. If  2 to 3 drops were mixed with coconut oil, it would have a very good result. 

There are anti-microbial effects of castor oil, which can help you get rid of dandruff and other scalp problems. 

Castor oil moisturizers and hair softeners that preserve the amount of moisture in the hair. Apply well to the scalp and run through the hair, leave overnight, and after 12 to 20 hours, wash it with any good shampoo. Continuous use of castor oil makes hair grow longer and thicker as well as stronger.

5: Olive oil 

Olive oil has a warming effect. Most people know that olive oil is healthy for their skin, but they don't know what the benefits of olive oil are for our hair. You'll never get dandruff in your hair if you constantly use olive oil on your hair. 

Olive oil is an incredibly moisturizing oil for hair, rich in vitamin E which is very important for hair growth. Olive oil is the best natural conditioner available and, with daily use, can give you soft and smooth hair.

6: Mustard oil 

Mustard oil is rich in antioxidants, minerals and vitamins, contains alfa fatty acid, zinc. Only mix mustard oil with one capsule of vitamin E 400 mg and rub it daily on your scalp for a few days. This softens and strengthens your hair. 

Mustard oil gives your hair thickness and reduces the hair fall. Garlic is very high in calcium, sulfur, and zinc, nourishing the hair follicles and helping to grow hair properly. 

Just heat the mixture of a few garlic cloves and mustard oil, then use it to massage when the mixture cools down, do it for a week for good hair growth. Whenever you apply mustard oil on your hair, apply it in the evening and wash it off with a good shampoo in the morning.

7: Lavender essential oil

Lavender oil has countless benefits. It is very useful for both skin and hair. Same like castor oil, use 2 to 3 drops of lavender oil mixed with coconut oil or olive oil. 

Lavender oil will stimulate hair growth. It has antimicrobial and antibacterial effects that can promote the prosperity of the scalp in the same way. It also reduces premature greying hair. 

Applying diluted lavender oil on a daily basis will help prevent patchy hair loss and improve natural hair regrowth. 

Lavender oil should be washed off 10 to 15 after application, and you can do that several times in a week. Besides diet and oil, hair can only become stronger and thicker if we protect it from contamination.

Tags: 7 Best  diets, 7 oil for hair growth, 

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 Nail disorders: causes, vitamin deficiency and treatment. 

Nail disorders

Nails may give a variety of major clues to the diagnosis of systemic disease. First, it is necessary for people to know about some common nail abnormalities. It may surprise you to know that there are over 35 health-related issues that have a direct effect on the nails. 

Nail disorders causes 

There can be many causes of nails disorders including health, ageing and injury. Whether it is anaemia or physical weakness, skin disease or any other physical disease. Nail is like a window in our body through which we can assess our health. Some diseases in which the nails become dull and damaged are as follows,

• Anaemia  

• Weakness   

• Vitamin A, B, C, B12, zinc deficiency 

• Liver disease  

• Bowel disease  

• Heart failure  

• Kidney  failure   

• Skin  cancer  

• Hypothyroidism  

• Diabetes  

• Fungal infection   

• Psoriasis 

The morphologic abnormalities of the nails are as follows;

Nail disorders onycholysis

That is the nail's separation from the nail bed, especially of the fingers. Onycholysis is due to excessive exposure to water, soaps, detergents, alkalis, and cleaning agents in the industry. 

 Candidal infection of the nail folds and subungual region, unless hardeners and drug-induced photosensitive can cause onycholysis, as may hypothyroidism and psoriasis. In dermatophyte infections and psoriasis, discolouration and crumbly thickened nails are observed.

Beau's lines  (Horizontal ridges)

Every severe systemic illness can follow Beau's lines (transverse furrows). Nail atrophy may be associated with trauma, vascular, or neurological disorder. Beau's lines  (Horizontal ridges) may be due to psoriasis, severe zinc deficiency and uncontrolled diabetes.

Clubbing nail

When the fingertips are enlarged, and the nail is bent downwards, we can call clubbing nail. It can also be linked to liver, kidney cancer, heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and HIV. Nail clubbing can be a symptom of insufficient oxygen in the blood and is associated with cardiopulmonary disease.

Koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails)

One of the most common causes of the spoon-shaped nail is iron deficiency anaemia. In koilonychia, the nails are spoon-shaped, pressed in the middle and raised from the edge. Hypothyroidism, a condition causing iron to accumulate in the body, could also be associated with it. Other causes include fungal infection and malnutrition.

Nail disorders subungual melanoma

The cancer spreads on the nail matrix, which is the tissue under the nail, in this form of melanoma. In orientation, the band is darker to brownish and vertical. This dark band can grow over time, like any other malignancies.

Such significant characteristics include bleeding from the infected side, brittle nails, and skin involvement. Subungual melanoma is not associated with sun exposure, unlike other melanoma forms.

The main cause is known to be an accident or trauma. It is treated with surgery, and survival rates for five years vary from 15% to 80%. The survival chances are much higher if you identify it earlier.

Tinea unguimum (onychomycosis)

It is a natural nail plate fungal infection. Tinea unguimum (onychomycosis) is a trichophyton infection of one or more fingernails or toenails.

Onychomycosis can rarely be caused by saprophytic fungi (< 5 percent). The nails are brittle, lusterless, and hypertrophic and the substance of the nail is friable.

Rippled nails or nail pitting 

Rippled nails have small, deep scars on the surface of the nail plate that make them rough and bed discolourations. In a skin disorder called psoriasis, rippled nails are usually seen. Therefore, a rippled nail could never be avoided. In certain arthritic cases and hand eczema, it can occur as well.

Terry's nails (half-and-half nails)

Terry's nails may be linked with malnutrition, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, kidney failure, congestive cardiac failure, and hepatic cirrhosis. The proximal half of the nail is white, and brown/red is the distal half. 

Terry's nails can also often be due to age. Don't mix things up terry's nails with the lunula. Lunula is the whitish region of the nails that are half-moon shaped, and it's a common spot.

White spots on the nail 

These white spots on the nail are do not cause for worry and, on their own, will disappear or grow out.  Nail trauma causes tiny white spots on the nails. It is rare for these tinny white sports to go away in the case of a fungal infection.

Yellow nails 

Most people think that nails are only yellow in jaundice. A substance called bilirubin accumulates in the body when there is liver failure and gives nails and eyes a yellow colour, this is the reason nails are yellow in jaundice.

Fungal infections of the nails, heavy carotenoid intake or severe diseases such as lung infection, typhoid disease, diabetes or psoriasis may cause yellow nails.

Smoking can additionally stain nails a yellowish hue. Your nails may additionally yellow with age or due to the use of acrylic nails or nail polish. 

Hangnail (agnail) 

The hangnail is a condition in which living skin separates and tears (often eponychium) along the nail plate. The most important causes of hangnail are dryness, any good moisturizer can be used to prevent this problem.

Onychorrhexis

It is also referred to as brittle nails, a brittleness of finger or toenail breakage that can result from the excessive chemical intensity, soap, water exposure, and removal of nail polish, anaemia, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, hypothyroidism, or after treatment with oral retinoids.

Cyanosis or bluish nails 

Bluish discolouration or cyanosis means that not enough oxygen is supplied to the body. Cyanotic heart disorders are a group of heart diseases that can cause cyanosis and multiple lung diseases, such as chronic bronchitis or lung cancer.

Nail disorders vertical ridges 

Typically, vertical ridges are a normal sign of ageing and are not a cause of worry. When you get older, they can become more prominent. Nail ridges may be caused in some cases by nutritional deficiencies, particularly vitamin B12 & magnesium.

Dark discolourations

Dark lines or unpleasant growths on the nail require the doctor's emergency visit because they could be because of melanoma, the most deadly type of skin cancer.

Nail disorders onychophagy

Bitten nails are the result of a habit that inspires the person to chew the nail and harden the skin. Regular manicures or enhancements may prevent the person from biting the nails.

Nail disorders compilation

Toenail changes can lead to an ingrown nail in turn, sometimes complicated by a bacterial infection and sometimes by exuberant granulation tissue. Poor manicure and poor-fitting shoes may cause this complication. The result may be cellulitis.

Nail disorders vitamin deficiency

Just as the rest of the body needs vitamins and minerals, so too do need vitamins and minerals to keep them strong and beautiful.

The following vitamins and minerals are essential for good nail health;

• Iron

• Vitamin B complex range

• Vitamin C, E

• Zinc

• Calcium

Green leafy vegetables, apple, mango, berries juice, lemon juice, egg, poultry, milk, nuts, almonds, cashew and sunflower seed etc are the best diet for healthy nails.

Nail disorders treatment

Treatment generally requires careful debridement and manicuring and, in fact, reducing sensitivity to irritants (alkali, soaps, detergents, solvents, bleaches, etc).

Removal of the offending lesion can cure longitudinal grooving due to temporary matrix lesions, such as warts, synovial cysts, and other impingements.

Tinea unguimum (onychomycosis) is difficult to treat because of the long duration of treatment needed and the frequency of recurrences.

More readily than toenails, fingernails react. Systemic therapy is required to treat nail onychomycosis effectively. Ultramicronized griseofulvin 250 mg orally 3 times daily for 6 months may be effective for fingernails.

Tinea unguimum (onychomycosis) Griseofulvin therapy or topical medication does not react to the tinea unguimum (onychomycosis) of the toenails. Oral terbinafine 250 mg daily for 12 weeks is the safest medication, which is also FDA approved.

Tags: Nail disorders, Nail disorders causes, Nail disorders vitamin deficiency, Nail disorders treatment, 

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Whipple disease: symptoms | treatment | histology

Whipple disease: symptoms, treatment, and histology 

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Whipple disease definition

Whipple disease is a systemic disease that is caused by Tropheryma whippelii, a gram-positive bacteria, first described in 1907 by George Hoyt Whipple.

The disease also tends to affect the joints, cardiovascular system and the central nervous system, although its common manifestation is a malabsorption syndrome because the mucosal lining of the small intestine is targeted and small lesions within the intestinal wall form.

The bacteria also damage the small intestine's fine, hairlike projections (villi). It may occur at any age, but in the fourth to sixth decades, it most frequently affects white males.

Whipple disease symptoms

Whipple disease has a lot of signs and symptoms that make it easy to diagnose. In Whipple disease, gastrointestinal signs and symptoms are common and may include.

• Cramping and abdominal pain that can escalate after meals

• Diarrhoea, steatorrhea (an excessive amount of fat in the stool)

• Weight loss, linked with nutrients malabsorption Anemia, with weakness and fatigue due to inadequate absorption of iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12

• Oedema (fluid retention in the body's tissues) due to decreased protein absorption

Other common symptoms and signs associated with Whipple's disease include:

• Inflamed joints, especially the wrists, ankles and knees

• Weakness

• Fever

• Cough

• Chest pain

• Enlarged lymph nodes

• Difficulty in walking

• Memory loss

• Confusion

• Skin darkening (hyperpigmentation)

Whipple disease histology

In most cases, the diagnosis of Whipple's disease is confirmed by histological endoscopic biopsy of the duodenum showing invasion of lamina propria with PAS-positive macrophages containing gram-positive bacilli and lacteal dilatation.

While the PAS stain is less sensitive and common to extra-intestinal Whipple's disease, the diagnosis is confirmed by PCR.

Because asymptomatic central nervous system infection occurs in 45% of patients, the examination of the cerebrospinal fluid by PCR for T whippelii be performed routinely. The specificity of PCR is 100% and the sensitivity of PCR is 95%.

Whipple disease differential diagnosis

We easily distinguish Whipple's disease from other mucosal malabsorptive diseases, such as celiac sprue, by small bowel biopsy.

Whipple disease should be considered in patients presenting with symptoms of malabsorption, fever of unknown origins, lymphadenopathy, arthritis, seronegative, culture-negative endocarditis or multisystemic disorder.

Whipple disease complications

Sometimes there can be very severe complications of Whipple disease which include,

• Nutritional deficiencies

• Unintentional weight loss

• Brain damage

• Heart valve damage

• Skin damage

• Arthritis

Whipple's disease laboratory testing

Patients may have laboratory abnormalities if severe malabsorption is present. It is possible to recommend the diagnosis on the basis of the signs and symptoms, the major ones include.

Diarrhoea, steatorrhea, stomach pain, loss of weight, fever, and neurological signs of migratory arthropathy.

• Steatorrhea (light, bulky stools) increased fecal fat, decreased serum cholesterol, decreased serum carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin D in laboratory results. The malabsorbed nutrients are Triglycerides, fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol. Fat-soluble vitamins; A, D, E, K.

• Lab findings in diarrhoea increased weight and stool volume, increased stool osmolality gap and increased fecal fat, same malabsorbed nutrients are fats and carbohydrates.

• In milk intolerance (bloating, cramps, diarrhoea) lab finding is an abnormal lactose tolerance test and as we know the malabsorbed nutrients is lactose.

Blood tests: Most conditions associated with Whipple's disease, particularly anaemia and low albumin concentrations, can be diagnosed by blood checks such as full blood counts.

Biopsy: The intestinal tissue is microscopically analyzed for the presence of disease-causing bacteria and their lesions, and specifically for Tropheryma whippelii bacteria, which reveals PAS-positive macrophages in the lamina propria containing non-acid- fast gram-positive bacilli.

Whipple disease diet

A Whipple disease and malabsorption patient may need;

• Vitamins

• Nutritional supplements

• A diet rich in protein and calories

Whipple disease treatment

Antibiotic treatment, including in some cases with neurological intervention, results in significant clinical progress over a few weeks.

There is no known optimum regimen. Usually, the full therapeutic response is apparent within 1-3 months; however, up to one-third of patients may report relapse after discontinuation of the medication.

Therefore, sustained treatment is needed for at least 1 year. Medicines that cross the blood-brain barrier are preferred. Therapy for Whipple's disease continues of IV (intravenous) ceftriaxone or penicillin for 2 to 4 weeks.

Oral treatment of SMZ-TMP or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for 1 to 2 years will be recommended after this initial treatment. A shorter time of therapy of antibiotics may lead to a relapse.

If the Whipple disease is left untreated, it is ultimately fatal. The aim of treatment is to avoid this progression since certain neurological symptoms can be permanent. After treatment, patients should be followed closely for signs of recurrence of the disease.

Tags: Whipple disease, Whipple disease symptoms, Whipple disease treatment, Whipple disease histology,

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Cataract definition diagnosis

                    Cataract definition diagnosis & types

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 Cataract definition

A cataract is a vision-affected clouding of the lens of the eye. The majority of cataracts are related to ageing. Globally, it is the major cause of blindness, but in many ways, access to care and the quality of results is still limited. In general, cataracts affect both eyes, but not equally.

Types of cataract

Types of cataract may include 1, Nuclear 2, Cortical 3, A posterior subcapsular cataracts

1, Nuclear cataract, deep in the middle of the lens, a nuclear cataract form which eventually allows the centre to turn yellow or brown. This further clouds the vision and the most common type.

2, A cortical cataract is identified by a wedge-shaped, whitish stripe that appears across the edge of the cortex of the eye.

3, A posterior subcapsular cataract at the back of the lens, right in the light portion, a posterior subcapsular cataract develops. This form can develop quickly and have a more rapid effect on vision than any of the other two types.

How a cataract can affect your vision?

So first you need to know about the structure of the eye. The lens is translucent and is behind the pupil and the iris.

It acts a lot likes a camera lens, concentrating light, or an image, on the retina. The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye is the retina.

When the lighting or image reaches the retina, this is transformed into nerve signals that are sent to the brain.

Apart from focusing light on the retina, the lens also adjusts the focus of the vision, helping us easily see objects both closer and far away. For the retina, to obtain a sharp image, the lens must be clear.

The lens is composed of mainly protein and water. The protein is arranged exactly in a process that enables light without distortion to move into it. But as we age, proteins clump together in the lens to cause a cataract.

The protein can clump together at first, clouding a small area of the lens. The clouds-grow in size and number throughout the period, clouding more of the lens. If the lens is cloudy due to cataracts, the picture you see will be blurred and the colours can fade.

Cataract causes

Many people above the age of 60 have a certain degree of lens opacity. The risks of cataract forming are raised by the smoking of the cigarette and alcohol.

Generally, cataracts are bilateral. Distressing; or secondary to autoimmune disease (diabetes, myotonic dystrophy, atopic dermatitis), autoimmune or inhaled corticosteroid therapy, or uveitis; but age-related cataract is by far the most prominent type.

They may be congenital (due to intrauterine infections such as rubella and CMV, or inborn metabolism errors such as galactosemia). Trauma or injuries that penetrate the eye are also causes of the cataract.

No dietary modification to prevent or prolong the formation of age-related cataracts has been reported.

Cataract symptoms

A persistent blurring of sight is the primary symptom. Glare can also occur, particularly in bright light or while driving at night; change of focus, notably development of nearsightedness; and monocular double vision.

A cataract can be seen by a dilated pupil through an ophthalmoscope or slit lamp, also in the early stages. The retina can become gradually more difficult to imagine as the cataract develops until the reflection of the fundus is eventually missing and the pupil is white.

Cataract diagnosis

During a regular eye exam, cataracts are relatively easy to detect. It is important that the doctor examine the whole eye for proof of any other illness that may affect your vision during cataract diagnosis.

Cataract treatment

In adults, the primary condition for surgery is functional vision impairment. The cataract is normally eliminated by one of the procedures in which the capsule of the posterior lens (extracapsular) persists, thus providing protection for an intraocular prosthetic lens that does not need powerful cataract glasses or contact lenses.

  Subsequently, laser therapy can be needed when the posterior capsule opacifies. Lens nucleus ultrasonic fragmentation (phacoemulsification) and foldable intraocular lenses allow cataract surgery to be done without the need for sutures via a small incision, therefore reducing the incidence of postoperative complication and accelerating visual recovery.

The need for both distance and close vision correction is reduced by multifocal and accommodative intraocular lenses. Manual minor incision surgery, in which the lens nucleus is cut intact, is increasingly common in the developing world.

Additional technical complications during surgery, improvements in the optics of the eye with development affecting the option of intraocular lens strength, and treatment of recurrent amblyopia complicated the management of congenital cataract.

Infection rates following cataract surgery have declined significantly in recent years. Due to the mandatory injection of antibiotics into the eye at the completion of the surgery.

When their vision impairment adversely affects their daily lives, patients with cataracts should be referred to an ophthalmologist.

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