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Sunday 16 August 2020

prevention of bronchiectasis


                                   Prevention of bronchiectasis




Bronchiectasis


Bronchiectasis is one of the most common problems especially in developing and undeveloped countries When a cough becomes chronic plus productive, lower infections became occurring often, so we call it bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis disease is dilated airways. 

Airways become condensed with viscous mucous including inflammatory pathogens and mediators. This leads to breathing difficulty known as exacerbations. Bronchiectasis is a disorder that especially affects older individuals, about 2/3 of bronchiectasis patients are females.


Causes of  bronchiectasis

As we know that bronchiectasis is a progressive disease and causes serious respiratory complications. Bronchiectasis mostly arises as a complication of other diseases or from environmental exposures.
 It has several causes, some of them are the following : 

  • Whooping cough   
  • Sinusitis   
  • Cystic fibrosis   (Cystic fibrosis causes about half of all cases of bronchiectasis.)
  • Primer tuberculosis  
  • Lung abscess  
  • Cigarette smoking
  •  Measles  
  • Pneumonia 
  • Fungal infections 
  • Congenial 


Symptoms of  bronchiectasis 

The most common symptom of bronchiectasis is a cough with production of the profuse quantity of sputum. Obstructive pulmonary dysfunction with hypoxemia is seen in moderate or severe disease

  • Low-grade fever   
  • Anaemia
  • Chronic cough   
  • Pleuritic chest pain  
  • Purulent sputum  
  • Weight  loss 
  • Anorexia 


Laboratory investigations for bronchiectasis

Diagnosis is based on a physical examination, history, radiographic testing, starting with a chest x-ray.  Here are four basic methods to help diagnose bronchiectasis,

  • Sputum  culture  
  • CBC 
  • Chest X-ray  
  • CT scan of the chest is more sensitive.
Imaging 

Radiographic abnormalities include dilated and thickened bronchi that may appear as "tram-tracks" or as ring-like markings on chest radiograph. 
 Microbiology 

Haemophilus influenza is the most common organism recovered from non-cystic fibrosis patients with bronchiectasis. P aeruginosa, S pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly identified. Nontuberculous mycobacteria are seen less commonly.

Treatment for bronchiectasis

Treatment depends on what stage of the disease patient is, Early detection and treatment of bronchial 
obstruction can also reduce the chance of bronchiectasis.

Treatment of acute exacerbations consists of antibiotics, daily chest physiotherapy (5-10 minutes twice a day ) with postural drainage and chest percussion, and inhaled bronchodilators.

Antibiotic therapy should be guided by sputum smears 'and cultures. If a specific bacterial pathogen cannot be isolated, then empiric oral antibiotic therapy for 10-14 days is appropriate. 

Common regimens include amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate (500mg every 8 hours), ampicillin or tetracycline (250-500 mg four times daily), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (160/800 mg every 12 hours), or ciprofloxacin (500-750 mg twice daily). 

Prolonged macrolide therapy (azithromycin 500 mg three times a week) has been found to decrease the frequency of exacerbation when taken for 6 months compared to placebo.

In surgical treatment doctor excision of bronchiectasis area, Surgical resection is reserved for the few patients with localized bronchiectasis and adequate pulmonary function in whom conservative management fails. Annual vaccination against influenza and vaccination against pneumonia after every 5 years is important.


Prevention of bronchiectasis

If someone has any lung disease, the chances of meteorological disease increase. Bronchiectasis patients should drink warm water to avoid cold water, cold drinks, ice cream and full-fat dairy products etc. Steam daily. Eat fresh food don't eat refrigerated food.

Avoid smoking, and if possible, use a mask when you go out. Perform breathing exercise as directed by the pulmonologist.

If a person has a cough for a long time, he must consult to a pulmonologist. If the disease is diagnosed in time, then treatment can be done quickly and easily.


Home remedy for bronchiectasis

1 tablespoon turmeric powder + 1 tablespoon cinnamon powder. Mix well and store in a jar.
To make 1 cup of ginger tea, add 1 teaspoon honey and 1 teaspoon lemon juice, use a half teaspoon of the (turmeric+cinnamon) above mixture. Effective in hot water, you can take this tea in the morning and evening. It will start giving results after a week.






 

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